Disparity and Discrimination Essay - 790 Words

Many different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, ect. Erik Erikson was known as the first person to use this term in 1966 explaining the inhumanity of human groups and human subgroups. For†¦show more content†¦They look inside his car and ask him for license and registration. â€Å"The police stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites. In New York City, where people of color make up about half of the population, 80% of the NYPD stops were of blacks and Latinos. When whites were stopped, only 8% were frisked. When blacks and Latinos are stopped 85% were frisked according to information provided by the NYPD. The same is true most other places as well. In a California study, the ACLU found blacks are three times more likely to be stopped than whites† (Quigley, 2012, Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). Hegemony Felluga, (2011) â€Å"Hegemony is the processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position† (Hegemony). For example, a leader who was able to have control over a group of people might be referred to as hegemony. To keep the populations as a whole form rebelling against leadership hegemony has to have the support from at least one dominate class of people. Disparity vs. Discrimination Disparity in the criminal justice system refers to inequity of arrest and sentencing for certain groups of people. Most of the time it is refers to racial and ethnic disparity while discrimination can be defined as a prejudice. There is a difference in disparity however; the difference does not mean discrimination. For example, A person is arrested for burglary because of the person past crime history, and because this personShow MoreRelated Disparity and Discrimination Essay example836 Words   |  4 PagesDisparity and Discrimination According to Webster’s Dictionary, the proper definition for discrimination is: 1 a : the act of discriminating b : the process by which two stimuli differing in some aspect are responded to differently 2 : the quality or power of finely distinguishing 3 a : the act, practice, or an instance of discriminating categorically rather than individually b : prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment (Webster’s dictionary). Discrimination has been aroundRead MoreRace, Capital Punishment, And The Cost Of Murder884 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will critique â€Å"Race, Capital Punishment, and the Cost of Murder† by M. Cholbi. The critique will discuss and point out some unnecessary concepts and flaws in the author’s argument along with logical fallacies. 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Generally the few who navigate their way to the top have learned to read their maps, but there is a surprising disparity as to who makes it and who doesnt. People in leadership positions face overwhelming challenges to get to their positions. Not surprisingly the ones who make it to the top are predominately men, yet its even more of a challenge if youre a womenRead MoreThe New Immigrant Worker : The Effect Of Skin Color And Height, By Joni Hersch Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesFrom evidence based practice, it has been proven that racism and discrimination is evident in our society. As defined by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"racism is the poor treatment or violence against people because of their race; and discrimination is the unfairly treatment of a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people† (Merriam Webster, 2015). When immigrants settle into America, they are pursuing happiness, sovereignty and a new beginning. 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She utilizes a compelling, matter-of-fact tone to optimize the effect her words will have on her readers, both male and female. â€Å"The Longest War† by Rebecca Solnit employs the rhetorical strategies of substance and context toRead MoreThis Brief Essay Studied The Uninsured And The Health Care1602 Words   |  7 PagesThis brief essay studied the uninsured and the health care disparities they face. Essential Affordable Care Act provisions and their effects were studied. Critical factors affecting the health care of the uninsur ed were identified; these included race, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic status, culture, language and income. Several research studies concluded that while access to health care has improved, the quality of this care has not improved for the uninsured. Although the number of uninsured has

Student Success Paper - 662 Words

Student Success Assignment Some people may call Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a curse; I would actually consider it a gift. Having the disorder has its challenges, and blessings. However, I find that when managed, ADHD can be a genuine asset in my life. The website â€Å"Study Guides and Strategies† provided many useful tips that I hope to use as a tool while learning, or apply in any classroom setting. Using these tricks and tips, the issues that I face while learning will hopefully become managed, and eventually become an asset to this journey we call learning. Procrastination is a problem that many people have, but through work can be overcome. The website gave me the useful tip of starting in small, manageable steps towards†¦show more content†¦I sometimes believe there are not enough hours in the day to do the tasks I desire, but what is useful is the tactics that the writer laid out. One major tactic was to become aware of how I use my time and be honest and realistic with myself. He mentioned to designate blocks of time for study and time for breaks. Usually, I tend to study in my room but that is a terrible place to study, since there is the distraction of Facebook, instant messaging, and just technology as a whole. Weekly reviews are something I never thought about doing. I found it interesting how this tactic was to make a calendar of the week’s goals, and to designate how much time should be approximated to spend on the task at hand. Reviewing notes and readings just before class seems to be helpful, as before I used to only do the readings assigned as homework and would never review notes. I’ve tried it, and actually retained a lot more of the information. 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A Study on Group Theory and Learning Free Essays

string(154) " Another short approach of this theory is that it non applicable in topographic points where people think God causes the result of every single behavior\." It is apparent that the definition of a group has non been agreed on by most bookmans. As most people to a great extent emphasize on the common ends or the mutuality of its members, offering a subjective definition. In all this changing analysis, it is agreed that groups are made up of two or more persons. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study on Group Theory and Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now The definition of group offered by Brown ( 2000, p.3 ) â€Å" a group exits when two or more people define themselves as members of it and its being is recognized by at least one other † . Groups have existed and evolved with adult male and are seldom without issues. Groups all around the universe are confronted with similar issues, irrespective of its geographical location. Most of these issues may originate in the forming and ramping phases of group formation ( Bruce Wayne Tuckman, phases of group development ) , though some of these issues may besides harvest up in the latter phases of the group. There are many different theories of how people learn. Burns ( 1995, p99 ) conceives of larning as a comparatively lasting alteration in behavior with behavior including both discernible activity and internal procedures such as thought, attitudes and emotions. It is apparent that motive has been included in Burns ‘ definition of larning. Burns considers that larning might non attest itself in discernible behavior until sometime after the educational plan has taken topographic point. Harmonizing to Kolb ( 1995 ) , people learn in four ways with the likeliness of developing one manner of larning more than another. He said one can larn through: concrete experience observation and contemplation abstract conceptualization active experimentation The thought that people learn in different ways has been explored by many research workers. Honey and Mumford ( 1986 cited in McGill A ; Beaty 1995 p.177 ) edifice on Kolb ‘s work, identified four larning manners: Activist ( enjoys the experience itself ) , Reflector ( spends a great trade of clip and attempt reflecting ) Theorist ( good at doing connexions and abstracting thoughts from experience ) Pragmatist ( enjoys the planning phase ) Motivation â€Å" Has to make with a set of independent variables relationship that explain the way, aptitude and continuity of an person ‘s behavior, keeping changeless the effects of aptitude, accomplishment and apprehension of the undertaking, and restraints runing in the environment. ( Campbell and Pritchard 1976 ) . It is believed that the demand and motivation of a individual is what pushes him /her to act in a certain manner. Therefore an person ‘s ends and aspirations in life can function as a determiner in the manner the individual behaves. However this ends and aspirations differ from one individual to the other. Harmonizing to Buchanan and Huczynski ( 2004 ) motive can be explored in three distinguishable positions viz. ends, determinations and influence. Goals serve as the chief motivation of our behavior. Therefore the ends and aspirations or what a individual wants to accomplish will do an person to act in a certain mode to accomplish that peculiar end. E.g. If a individual wants to go a medical physician in future that individuals behaviour and political orientations will all be geared towards the accomplishment of this peculiar end. Decisions the second on the perspective list negotiations about why we choose to prosecute certain ends. For case if we should take the MBA category as an illustration and inquire what motivates each pupil to analyze, it will involvement you to cognize that we will acquire many replies. For some pupils it is the expected wages that they will acquire after their class like publicity, pay rise etc. for other pupils it could be the position acknowledgment of acquiring alphabets at the terminal of their names, whiles others derive satisfaction from larning or wonder. This is what is being described as the â€Å" Cognitive determination – devising † procedures act uponing an person ‘s pick of ends. The 3rd on the perspective list is that of influence which talks about what and how to actuate an person to work harder here accent is laid on societal influence. WHAT MOTIVATED ME TO STUDY A MASTERS DEGREE AT BANGOR. Working for Vodafone, a telecommunication company, I had the chance to work with the operations director, a adult male who had attained his Masters in Business Administration. Under his supervising, he demonstrated a high degree of public presentation which was obviously seen in his structured attack to determination devising. He approached new challenges that confronted him in a strategic mode and executed undertakings efficaciously by achieving ends from company processs and procedures. I have since so been motivated by the worth of managerial cognition and accomplishments that where displayed by the operations director, animating me to offer a graduate student grade in Business Administration. In explicating my motive in the visible radiation of Vroom ‘s anticipation theory, with the underlying subject which states that motive depends on â€Å" how much we want something and how likely we think we are to acquire it † Griffin and Moorhe ( 2007, p.98 ) and which revolves around the three cardinal variables of valency ( the value of the expected wages ) , anticipation ( the believe that attempt will take to public presentation ) and instrumentality ( the believe that the public presentation will take to a coveted result ) . In detecting the operations director my first reaction was to derive such managerial accomplishments and I knew I had a sensible opportunity of accomplishing it. In using the three variables ( valency, instrumentality and anticipation ) I believed that my attempts to inscribe in a maestro ‘s grade will give to the attainment of Masterss in concern disposal and comprehending that there was a high chance that the Masterss in concern disposal will ensue in geting the managerial accomplishments. In malice of the utility in utilizing Vroom ‘s anticipation theory to explicate motive, harmonizing to Griffin and Moore ( 2007 ) it has been to a great extent criticized about its complexness and how hard it is to prove. Furthermore research workers find the relationship among its variables less scientific, doing it hard to look into. Another short approach of this theory is that it non applicable in topographic points where people think God causes the result of every single behavior. You read "A Study on Group Theory and Learning" in category "Essay examples" Example Muslim states. However, I think the theory has been really utile in explicating the construct of motive and besides giving directors really of import guidelines in understanding the employee and how he can be motivated. As it is justly said by Nicol Morgan ( Granfell Investment Management ) â€Å" motive is non about money, it was about making an environment in which people enjoyed working † .The motive to offer my Masterss in Bangor University out of a host of Universities both in The United land and The United States of America, Bangor offered an first-class repute as a Centre for concern surveies, by chalking success in the 2008 UK authorities ‘s Research Assessment Exercise, by puting foremost. It besides proved to be a universe category research Centre and a staff with strong international experience all packaged in an enabling environment for acquisition. In regard to Herzberg ‘s motivator-hygiene theory, Bangor University was able to fulfill my hygiene demands by offering basic installations such as a school library, stocked with up- to- day of the month academic resources, adjustment installations for international pupils and besides supplying a safe acquisition environment. The proviso of such installations did non actuate me, but instead prevented me from being dissatisfied, cognizing that such installations are available in most Universities. My motive to analyze at Bangor came approximately when the university met my higher degrees demands, by turn outing to be a universe category research Centre, been among the extremely graded concern schools in the UK and supplying a really international instruction staff, to assist derive cognition and experience all over the universe from a wider position. This is shown in the diagram below A ) HYGIENE FACTORS 1. Library Facility 2. ACCOMODATION FACILITIES 3. SAFE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT Bangor University 1. HIGHLY RANKED 2. WORLD CLASS RESEARCH 3. INTERNATIONAL STAFF B ) Incentive ( DZANIE 2010 ) Like any other theory, Herzberg two factor theory has besides suffered unfavorable judgments. Harmonizing to Mullins ( 2005 ) the theory is said to use least to persons with unskilled occupations which are humdrum in range. As they are those who mostly present direction with issues of motive. Nevertheless I believe the theory has been utile in understanding motive non merely in the work topographic point but besides to our day-to-day lives. MY Approach TO LEARNING My larning attack to surveies has chiefly been the memorisation of facts, without associating the cognition acquired to any experience. From my secondary school through to my undergraduate survey, I have ever been a surface scholar. Where the chief focal point was merely to follow what the course of study demanded. This learning manner was rather effectual because in my educational life accent was laid much more on closed ended scrutiny than giving out regular assignments. However, in a different acquisition environment and more particularly in my Masters degree taking a deep acquisition attack will be good. Though hard, holding been a surface scholar, seting down my old theoretical account of larning to a deep scholar will intend an active engagement in the class work, obtaining a practical apprehension of theories and constructs and holding a critical head set in work outing jobs. All these properties of a deep scholar will develop and fit me with the necessary accomplishments to associate my acquired cognition in MBA to the of all time increasing challenges in the corporate universe. Second, my pick of being a deep scholar is farther strengthened by the undermentioned factors ; a ) The teacher pupil relationship: The larning relationship between talks and their pupils have a dominating influence on how pupils approach larning. For illustration in a acquisition establishment where instructors do non put much accent on assignments and instead stress more on closed ended appraisals, pupils are likely to a adopt a surface attack to larning. A survey conducted by Kember as cited in Tight et Al, ( 2009 ) on how Asiatic pupils learn, showed that the pupils approach to larning was consistent with the appraising demands of pupils by their instructors. In my experience of larning at the undergraduate surveies, lectors require pupils to memorise talk notes and to regurgitate the words of the lector in their concluding tests, obliging most pupils to prosecute in surface acquisition. This attack to larning in the local idiom is termed â€Å" chaw, pour, base on balls and forget † . Deciding to take a deep attack to acquisition was influenced by the instructor pupil relationship in Bangor University.Lectureres in the University require pupils to prosecute in a deep degree of acquisition, associating theory to existent life experiences, measuring and analysing theories and constructs to do intending out of it, as against merely the memorisation and reproduction of talk notes. B ) The work burden of classs Prosecuting in a deep acquisition attack is influenced by my cognition of work involved in each class. In their analysis Entwistle A ; Ramsden ( 1983 ) as cited in Tight et Al, ( 2009 ) established that pupils are likely to prosecute in surface, strategic or deep acquisition, depending on the grade of work burden that is accompanied with the class. A surface larning attack is adopted when pupils perceive a high grade of work burden in their classs, as there is no clip to prosecute in deep acquisition. A relevant illustration will be the decrease of the concern faculties from 12 to eight. Students might hold been forced to prosecute in surface or strategic acquisition because of the of all time increasing work load from their classs, go forthing them with small or no clip to prosecute in deep acquisition. A restructure of the class this academic twelvemonth have reduced the work load well, and this will give me the clip and chance to prosecute in deep acquisition. degree Celsius ) The learning establishment Furthermore my attack is progressively shaped by the learning establishment. I.e. Bangor University. As it is justly said by californium Barnett ( 1990 cited in Tight et Al, 2009, p.12 ) â€Å" The features of deep attack to larn can be seen to reflect what are by and large held to be purposes of higher instruction † . During the initiation subdivision held by the University of Bangor, pupils were briefed by senior lectors about what is expected of them by the University. Students were advised and encouraged to prosecute in critical thought, avoid doing premises and analyze an statement, looking for failing in the arguement.Also pupils where asked non to reproduce talk notes or regurgitate what the talk has said, a feature of surface acquisition, but instead pulling from other beginnings like relevant text books and academic diaries and most significantly abstaining from illicitly copying some 1s work as yours, an act of plagiarism. The University has hence put in topographic point constructions to promote deep attack to acquisition by supplying the necessary academic resources such as the library, entree to internet and diaries to enable pupils to prosecute in serious academic work by being deep scholars and non surface scholar. In a nutshell, my determination to a deep acquisition attack can be illustrated in Ramsden ( 2003 ) Student larning in context diagram. My orientation to larning My old educational experience as a surface scholar. The context of larning in the new environment 1. Opened ended appraisal. 2. Synergistic lectors. The acquisition result is: long term memory and holistic apprehension of the class 2. My determination to follow a Deep Approach to Learning My perceptual experience of the work burden, what is required of me as a pupil from the Lecturers and Bangor University ( DZANIE 2010 ) ISSUES ANTICIPATED IN THE GROUP WORK AND SOLUTIONS One peculiar issue I anticipate in the group work is the difference in the acquisition manners among group members. Forming a group with a high grade of single diverseness, will certainly amount to a different attack to acquisition and acquisition manners, which is normally influenced by civilization background and the larning environment they came from. Group members may be absorbing, suiting, diverging or meeting scholars and may be given to lend their attempt more expeditiously if acquisition is directed to their advantage. This was made apparent when I engaged in an experiment carried out by Professor Sally Sambrook ; in an attempt to place the acquisition manners of her pupils utilizing Kolb ‘s learning manner. I noticed that my learning manner was different in comparism to those of my friends as everyone ‘s learning manner differed from the other. However, in turn toing the issue of difference in larning manners. Group members should be assigned to undertakings in relation to 1s larning style/capabilities in order to acquire the best out of the person. Unifying a given undertaking with a individual larning manner penchant will give a positive consequence and hence increasing group efficiency. For illustration members who are diverges are better in making new thoughts and assemblage of information. Delegating a undertaking related to research will be best tailored to their learning manner, thereby giving their upper limit end product to the group. Second, group members are bound to prosecute in societal idleness. Social idleness occurs when a group member pretends to lend to the activities or attempt of the group. And this is normally seeable at the executing phase of group formation, where the undertaking and the aims of the group are good defined. An experiment conducted by Max Ringelmann ( 1913 ) as cited in Brown ( 2000 ) on societal idleness, asked a group of agribusiness pupils to draw a rope connected to a ergometer to enter the force exerted by the group. He thought that the bigger the size of the group the greater the force it exerted, he subsequently discovered that the force did n’t increase proportionally with the size of the group. In consequence there were others in the group who put small attempt or none at all when drawing the rope. This behavior I anticipate in the group work, an attitude that is damaging to the effectivity of the group. However issues of societal idleness are best addressed by increasing the identifiability of group members. It is improbable to happen members prosecuting in societal idleness when they know they are been ascertained and evaluated separately, a instance of the Hawthorne consequence, when people tend to act otherwise when they know they are been observed. This will increase engagement of single members every bit good as the productiveness of the group. Pulling from my personal experiences with groups, I have noticed that comparatively big groups are normally the genteelness land for societal buming.Keeping a ample group in relation to the undertaking at manus with a clear division of labor in the group can minimise societal idleness. Despite the legion challenges faced in group work, workings in groups have proved to be effectual non merely in accomplishing group ends but besides has the inclination to develop the person. Working in groups can instil into the single certain properties such as a sense of duty through the division of labor, where group members are assigned undertaking. For illustration after a long period of working in groups in my undergraduate survey I realised that I have improved upon my communicating accomplishments an property that is necessary in the corporate universe. In add-on, prosecuting in group work particularly in a higher acquisition establishment, can fit a individual with a critical mentality in the reading and rating of academic stuffs, a mark of rational development. Decision To reason, this essay has identified my motive as triggered by both the worth of managerial accomplishments displayed by the operations director, which was clearly elaborated in Expectancy Theory and the Academic excellence of Bangor University utilizing Herzberg ‘s incentive and hygiene theory. It has besides highlighted my attack as a deep scholar coming into a new acquisition environment, which is strengthened by the instructor pupil relationship, work load and the learning establishment.And eventually the issues I anticipate in the group to be difference in larning manner and societal idleness. REFRENCES Bass, Bernard ( 1990 ) . From transactional to transformational leading: acquisition to portion the vision. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 18, Issue 3, Winter, 1990, 19-31. Beardwell, J. A ; , Claydon, T. ( 2007 ) Human Resource management.5th edition.Spain: Pearson Education Limited. Brown, R. ( 2000 ) Group Process.2nd edn.Reprint, England: Blackwell publication, 2004. Forsyth, D.R. ( 2009 ) Group Dynamics. 5th edn.Google books [ Online ] .Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.books.google.co.uk ( Accessed: 29 October 2010 ) Griffin, R.W. and Moorhe, G. ( 2007 ) Administration and people.9th edn. [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.books.google.co.uk ( Accessed: 20 October 2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm ( Accessed: 20 October 2010 ) . Kouzes, J. M. A ; Posner, B. Z. ( 1987 ) . The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. McGill, I. A ; Beaty, L. ( 1995 ) . Action Learning, 2nd edition: a usher for professional, direction and educational development Kogan Page, London. Mullins, L. J. ( 2005 ) Management and Organisational Behaviour.7th edn.Spain: Pearson instruction Limited Pogson, P. A ; Tennant, M. ( 1995 ) . ‘Understanding Adults ‘ in Foley, G. erectile dysfunction. Understanding big instruction and preparation, St Leonards, Allen A ; Unwin, pp.20-30 Ramsden, P. ( 2003 ) .Learning to learn in higher education.2nd edn.London: Routledge Tight, M. , Mok, K. H. , Huisman, J. , Morphew, C. C. ( 2009 ) The Routeledge International Handbook of Higher Eduaction..Google books [ Online ] .Available at: http//www.books.google.co.uk ( Accessed: 10 October 2010 ) How to cite A Study on Group Theory and Learning, Essay examples